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SEASON EDUCATION HUB

UNDERSTAND THE HURRICANE SEASON

From how tropical storms form to reading NHC forecast discussions — 19 science and education articles to help you understand what's happening in the tropics and why it matters.

June 1 – Nov 30
Season Dates
September
Peak Month
17–21 named storms
2026 Forecast
3 per season
Avg Major Hurricanes
14 per season
Named Storms Avg
3 per season
Cat 3+ Avg

ATLANTIC SEASON ACTIVITY CALENDAR

May
10%
Pre-Season
May — Pre-Season
Season begins June 1. Tropical disturbances rare but possible.
Jun
25%
Early Season
Jun — Early Season
Named storms possible. Gulf and Caribbean begin warming.
Jul
45%
Building
Jul — Building
Activity increases. Cape Verde season opens.
Aug
80%
Peak Ramp-Up
Aug — Peak Ramp-Up
Major hurricane risk rises sharply. SSTs peak.
Sep
100%
Peak Season
Sep — Peak Season
Most active month. Highest probability of major landfalling storms.
Oct
75%
Active
Oct — Active
Still very active. Late-season storms can be intense.
Nov
30%
Winding Down
Nov — Winding Down
Activity decreasing. Late-season storms still possible.
Dec
8%
Off-Season
Dec — Off-Season
Season ends Nov 30. Rare post-season activity possible.

Activity index based on historical NHC data 1851–2025. Peak activity: August 20 – October 10.Read the full month-by-month guide →

STORM SCIENCE

How hurricanes form, intensify, and impact coastlines — explained clearly.

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Hurricane Categories Explained: What the Saffir-Simpson Scale Really Means
SCIENCE

Hurricane Categories Explained: What the Saffir-Simpson Scale Really Means

The Saffir-Simpson scale rates hurricanes from Category 1 to 5 based on wind speed — but it doesn't measure th…

4 min readREAD
Storm Surge: The #1 Hurricane Killer Most People Don't Understand
SCIENCE

Storm Surge: The #1 Hurricane Killer Most People Don't Understand

Storm surge kills more people in hurricanes than any other factor, yet most coastal residents don't fully unde…

4 min readREAD
The Difference Between Hurricanes, Typhoons, and Cyclones Explained
SCIENCE

The Difference Between Hurricanes, Typhoons, and Cyclones Explained

Hurricanes, typhoons, and cyclones are the same storm — just named differently by region. Learn why, how they …

5 min readREAD
Understanding Hurricane Forecasting: How Meteorologists Predict the Path
SCIENCE

Understanding Hurricane Forecasting: How Meteorologists Predict the Path

From Columbus reading clouds to AI-powered ensemble models, hurricane forecasting has transformed. Learn how t…

5 min readREAD
Hurricane Camille to Hurricane Helene: How Storm Surge Science Has Evolved
SCIENCE

Hurricane Camille to Hurricane Helene: How Storm Surge Science Has Evolved

From Camille's unmeasured 1969 fury to Helene's 2024 inland devastation, storm surge forecasting has been tran…

6 min readREAD

What Is the Cone of Uncertainty? (And What It Doesn't Tell You)

The cone of uncertainty is the most recognized — and most misunderstood — graphic in hurricane forecasting. He…

6 min readREAD

Rapid Intensification: The Hurricane Phenomenon That Kills Without Warning

In 2022, Hurricane Ian was a Category 2 storm with winds of 110 mph as it approached southwest Florida. Twenty…

7 min readREAD

How Does a Hurricane Form? A Step-by-Step Guide

A fully developed hurricane is one of the most powerful events in Earth's atmosphere — a heat engine hundreds …

6 min readREAD

Hurricane Wind Radii Explained: Why Storm Size Matters as Much as Category

Two Category 3 hurricanes. Same maximum wind speed. One spans 80 miles from its center to its outermost tropic…

5 min readREAD
Satellite image of a hurricane showing concentric eyewalls during an eyewall replacement cycle
SCIENCE

The Eyewall Replacement Cycle: Why Hurricanes Sometimes Weaken Before Getting Worse

The eyewall replacement cycle causes major hurricanes to briefly weaken, then re-intensify with a larger, more…

5 min readREAD
Chart showing accumulated cyclone energy by hurricane season year
SCIENCE

Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE): The Number That Defines a Hurricane Season

Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE) measures total hurricane season activity — not just storm count. Here's what …

5 min readREAD
NHC forecast discussion text on a computer screen with hurricane satellite imagery
SCIENCE

How to Read the NHC Forecast Discussion Like a Meteorologist

The NHC Forecast Discussion is the most detailed hurricane forecast product available to the public. Learn how…

7 min readREAD

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